如何查詢股票財報發布日
公司自行決定財報發布日,正式日期以新聞稿與 SEC 8-K 為準;本文教你查證公告、掌握申報期限,並判斷預估日期可能提前或延後多少。
股票的財報發布日由公司自行決定,且只有兩份文件可以確認日期:宣布該日期的新聞稿,以及財報公布時向 SEC 提交的 8-K。其他地方找到的任何行事曆,不是轉載該公告,就是依照去年的模式推測。本頁說明如何區分這兩者,以及申報期限實際要求公司完成哪些事項。
誰決定公司的財報發布日?
並非由任何交易所指定。公司自行選定發布財報的日期、安排電話會議,並公布這兩項資訊,通常會提前兩至四週。SEC 規範的是申報期限,而非公告日期。大型加速申報公司(large accelerated filer)是指公眾持股價值至少達700 million美元的公司。這類公司須在財政季度結束後40個日曆日內提交10-Q,並在財政年度結束後60日內提交10-K。加速申報公司則分別有40日和75日。其他公司則分別有45日和90日。
新聞稿通常會先發布,或在同一天發布,並載有主要財務數字。之後提交的10-Q或10-K則載有完整財務報表。常見的 SEC 申報文件指南會逐一說明各表格編號。
公司通常在季度結束後何時公布業績?
時鐘從公司自身的財政季度結束日開始計算,而該日期不一定是曆季的季末。統計截至2026年6月的三年期間內,檔案中每一個損益表期間後,業績公布日程的分布便會立即浮現。
每個數據背後的精確 SQL 語法
SELECT formatDateTime(period_end, '%b') AS quarter_end_label,
count() AS statement_periods,
round(100 * count() / (SELECT count()
FROM global_markets.stocks_income_statements
WHERE period_end >= toDate('2023-07-01')
AND period_end <= toDate('2026-06-30')), 1) AS share_pct
FROM global_markets.stocks_income_statements
WHERE period_end >= toDate('2023-07-01')
AND period_end <= toDate('2026-06-30')
GROUP BY quarter_end_label, toMonth(period_end)
ORDER BY toMonth(period_end)結束於Dec的期間占檔案中的33.1%,16.6%則落在Mar,16.5%落在Jun,25.1%落在Sep。這四個月份涵蓋了檔案中的大部分期間。其餘分布則容易讓人誤判:1.2%的期間結束於Jan,1.7%則結束於Jul。Apple在9月下旬結束財政年度。Walmart在1月31日結束財政年度。因此,兩家公司第四季的業績報告會在這些日期後數週公布,與12月底相距甚遠。
在季度結束後的期間內,多數大型公司會於第三至第六週公布業績,明顯早於40天的申報期限。這應視為常態,而非硬性規則。公司可以在第12天或第39天公布業績,並不代表有任何異常。
已確認日期與預估日期
已確認日期背後有正式文件。公司會發布簡短公告,說明截至特定日期的季度業績將於特定日期公布,並註明是在開盤前或收盤後發布,以及法說會的明確時間。
預估日期背後沒有正式文件。這類日期是根據歷史規律推算而來,例如採用與去年相同的財政週、相同的星期幾,再依假日安排略作調整。資料供應商會發布這些日期,應用程式也會顯示,但畫面上通常很少標示這是預估日期。有兩個可靠的辨識方式。預估日期很少附有法說會時間,也很少隨著季度進展而變動。
預估日期因一般原因而調整。董事會議可能延後一週,會計師可能需要更多時間,或假日安排不利。確認公告發布後,預估日期就會被取代。如果某個行事曆項目自季度開始以來一直沒有變動,代表目前還沒有人找到其來源。
確認資訊實際出現的位置
依序有兩個地方。
- 投資人關係網站。在 Events、Events and Presentations 或 News Releases 等標題下。日期公告是一份兩段式新聞稿。
- EDGAR,即 SEC 的公開申報系統。搜尋公司名稱,閱讀其 8-K 申報文件。財報資訊會依 Item 2.02「營運成果與財務狀況」提出,新聞稿則附於 Exhibit 99.1。
8-K 是公司在季度報告之間發生重大事件時提交的當期報告,通常須在事件發生後四個營業日內申報。財報發布是其最常見的用途。第三方行事曆充其量只是該申報文件的副本,最糟則可能只是推測。因此,它適合作為查找的起點,卻不適合作為最終答案。
延遲申報的樣貌
公司無法按時申報時,會提交 Form 12b-25;該文件會在 EDGAR 上顯示為 NT 10-Q 或 NT 10-K。NT 代表 notification。公司最遲須在錯過申報期限後的一個營業日內提交,並以白話說明原因。提交後,10-Q 可額外取得五個日曆日,10-K 可額外取得十五個日曆日;只要報告在這段期限內送達,仍會被視為及時申報。
財報電話會議與申報是兩個獨立事件。申報延遲不會自動導致電話會議改期。兩者經常同時發生變動,因此在依據任何日期前,值得先閱讀 NT 通知。該通知提供的是事實,而非預測:公司已告知 SEC 將錯過申報期限,並說明原因。公司列出的原因可能包括會計系統移轉或財務報表重編。
What the tape shows around a print
Price history will not hand you a date in advance. It does show the rhythm you are looking for. Nvidia closes its fiscal quarters in late January, April, July and October, and reports roughly three weeks after each close. Below are its ten largest overnight moves across the two years to June 2026, each measured from the last price of one session to the first price of the next.
每個數據背後的精確 SQL 語法
WITH daily AS (
SELECT toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) AS session,
argMin(close, window_start) AS first_price,
argMax(close, window_start) AS last_price
FROM global_markets.delayed_stocks_minute_aggs
WHERE ticker = 'NVDA'
AND toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) >= toDate('2024-07-01')
AND toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) <= toDate('2026-06-30')
AND (toHour(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60
+ toMinute(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
GROUP BY session
),
overnight AS (
SELECT session,
first_price,
lagInFrame(last_price) OVER (ORDER BY session
ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS prior_close
FROM daily
)
SELECT formatDateTime(session, '%a %b %e, %Y') AS gap_label,
round((toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) * 100, 2) AS gap_pct,
round(abs(toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) * 100, 2) AS abs_gap_pct
FROM overnight
WHERE toFloat64(prior_close) > 0
AND abs(toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) < 0.3
ORDER BY abs(toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) DESC
LIMIT 10The largest of the ten moved -14.49% on Mon Aug 5, 2024, a size of 14.49%, against 5.46% for the tenth-placed session on Fri Aug 2, 2024. Watch the weekday at the front of each label. A company that keeps a stable reporting weekday puts its outsized sessions on the same weekday too, which is the single most useful clue in an estimated date. Overnight moves have plenty of other sources; why stocks gap overnight covers them.
One company is an anecdote. Widen it to seven household names and measure the calendar distance between their biggest overnight moves.
每個數據背後的精確 SQL 語法
WITH daily AS (
SELECT ticker,
toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) AS session,
argMin(close, window_start) AS first_price,
argMax(close, window_start) AS last_price
FROM global_markets.delayed_stocks_minute_aggs
WHERE ticker IN ('AAPL', 'MSFT', 'NVDA', 'WMT', 'COST', 'KO', 'JNJ')
AND toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) >= toDate('2024-07-01')
AND toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) <= toDate('2026-06-30')
AND (toHour(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60
+ toMinute(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
GROUP BY ticker, session
),
overnight AS (
SELECT ticker,
session,
first_price,
lagInFrame(last_price) OVER (PARTITION BY ticker ORDER BY session
ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS prior_close
FROM daily
),
moves AS (
SELECT ticker,
session,
abs(toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) * 100 AS abs_gap_pct
FROM overnight
WHERE toFloat64(prior_close) > 0
AND abs(toFloat64(first_price) / toFloat64(prior_close) - 1) < 0.3
),
biggest AS (
SELECT ticker,
session,
abs_gap_pct,
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY ticker ORDER BY abs_gap_pct DESC) AS rk
FROM moves
),
spacing AS (
SELECT ticker,
session,
abs_gap_pct,
dateDiff('day',
lagInFrame(session) OVER (PARTITION BY ticker ORDER BY session
ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW),
session) AS days_between
FROM biggest
WHERE rk <= 8
)
SELECT ticker,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(toFloat64(days_between), cityHash64(session)), 0) AS median_days_between,
min(days_between) AS closest_pair_days,
max(days_between) AS widest_pair_days,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(abs_gap_pct, cityHash64(session)), 2) AS median_move_pct
FROM spacing
WHERE days_between BETWEEN 1 AND 400
GROUP BY ticker
ORDER BY median_days_between DESCFor each name the eight largest overnight moves of the two years are kept, then the number of calendar days between each one and the previous one is measured. Two years hold eight scheduled reports, roughly one every three months. The median interval runs 93 days for WMT at the top of the panel and 8 days for NVDA at the bottom, and the typical move in that set measured 3.91% for WMT. Where a name's interval sits near three months, its largest sessions line up with a quarterly cadence. Where it sits far below, the biggest moves of the window include sessions outside any reporting week. That is the honest limit of the method: prices show a rhythm, never a date.
How these panels are built
The price panels read one-minute bars from the regular session, 9:30 to 15:59 New York time. An overnight move is the first minute's price of one session measured against the last minute's price of the session before, so it holds everything that happened while the market was closed, an after-close release included. Moves above 30% in absolute size are dropped: the bars are unadjusted, and a share-count change such as a split prints as a huge overnight move that nobody traded.
The fiscal-calendar panel counts income-statement periods on file for the three years to June 2026, at whatever length each filing covered, so it counts periods rather than companies. Vendor filing dates on those statements are unreliable, and none appears anywhere on this page.
No panel names a future reporting date. A date the company has not announced yet exists in no dataset, and one it has announced lives in a press release.
為何持有選擇權時,確切日期很重要
隱含波動率是選擇權價格所反映的預期波動幅度,以年化百分比表示。預定財報發布後到期的契約,其隱含波動率高於發布前到期的契約;數據公開後,這部分權利金會迅速從價格中消失,通常在開盤後幾分鐘內便會發生。IV crush 說明其中的運作機制;財報如何影響選擇權希臘值則追蹤事件前後 vega 與 theta 的變化。
這正是日期估計錯誤可能造成高昂代價的地方。日期若誤差一週,部位就可能站在財報公布的錯誤一側:若到期日落在財報發布前,契約將完全不會經歷該事件;若到期日落在發布後,則須為隔日上午便消失的權利金付費。預期波動幅度是用來在財報公布前估算該事件影響幅度的計算方式。
常見問題
公司會提前多久公告財報日期?
大型公司通常會提前兩至四週,在簡短新聞稿中確認日期;許多公司也會維持各季一致的公告模式。小型公司通常只會提前一週或更短時間公告。在新聞稿發布前,畫面上顯示的任何日期都應視為預估日期。
券商 App 中的財報日期,是已確認還是預估日期?
除非該筆資料顯示來源,否則應視為預估日期。已確認的日期會附有新聞稿,且幾乎一定會列出電話會議時間。若某筆資料沒有具體時間,且整季都未變更,通常是根據去年的行事曆推估而來。
SEC 文件中的財報新聞稿在哪裡?
在 8-K 的 Item 2.02「經營成果與財務狀況」(Results of Operations and Financial Condition)項下,新聞稿會以 Exhibit 99.1 附件形式提供。完整財務報表則會另行出現在 10-Q;第四季則會出現在 10-K。
NT 10-Q 文件代表什麼?
這是 Form 12b-25,供公司預計無法在申報期限內完成文件時提交。文件會說明原因,並為 10-Q 額外取得五個日曆日的寬限期,或為 10-K 額外取得十五個日曆日。這項申報涉及文件提交,而非財報電話會議;不過兩者經常同時延後。
公司會在開盤前還是收盤後公布財報?
兩種情況都很常見,公告中會說明公布時間。公布時間決定股價何時能夠反應:若財報在收盤後公布,下一個正常交易時段的價格就是隔日上午的開盤價,中間則會有 盤後與盤前交易。
這裡的每個面板都是附有 SQL 的儲存查詢。開啟其中一個面板,替換 ticker,然後在 Strasmore 終端機上執行。