What It Costs to Trade a Stock, Measured
The one-cent floor: share price, percent of quotes exactly one cent wide, and what a penny costs in bpstable ·
2026-08-22 · 5×6
NVDA vs SOXS: median quoted spread over the window, with the smallest single-session gapscalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×50.89
NVDA vs SOXS: median quoted spread by session (bps of the midpoint)series ·
2026-08-22 · 5×4
The cost-to-trade ladder: median quoted spread in bps of the midpoint, regular hours, recent completed sessionstable ·
2026-08-22 · 12×5
What Is the NBBO? National Best Bid and Offer
NBBO updates per session: four heavily traded names vs. two thin small capsseries ·
2026-08-22 · 6×5
Exchange stamp to SIP stamp: the consolidation step, in microsecondsranking ·
2026-08-22 · 4×3
The smallest size the NBBO will show: six names across the price tiersranking ·
2026-08-22 · 6×4
KO: ten consecutive NBBO updates from 1:30 p.m. ET on a recent sessionseries ·
2026-08-22 · 10×7
GME, 2024-05-14: NBBO updates and trades per minute across a five-minute LULD pauseseries ·
2026-08-22 · 15×3
AAPL: average NBBO updates per minute by half-hour bucket (ET, 4 a.m. to 8 p.m.)series ·
2026-08-22 · 32×3
What Is RVOL (Relative Volume)? How to Read It
SPY: median shares traded per minute, by 30-minute clock bucket (ET, last 30 days, extended hours)series ·
2026-08-22 · 32×2
SPY: average share of full-day volume completed by each clock time (last 20 sessions)ranking ·
2026-08-22 · 5×2
Top 10 by full-day RVOL: latest completed session (20-day ADV above 5M shares, full history required)series ·
2026-08-22 · 10×5
Full-day RVOL percentiles across high-volume US stocks and ETFs (20-day ADV above 5M shares), latest completed sessionranking ·
2026-08-22 · 6×2
MU, the biggest-volume session of June 2026: time-adjusted vs. naive RVOL, plus the full-day figurescalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×832.8
What Is a Bid-Ask Spread? Real Costs
Typical quoted spread: six liquid names vs. two thin small caps, with the 100-share costranking ·
2026-08-22 · 8×4
AAPL median quoted spread by 30-minute bucket (ET, extended hours included)series ·
2026-08-22 · 32×2
The same curve at four checkpoints: premarket, the open, midday, the closeseries ·
2026-08-22 · 4×2
AAPL: the last recorded NBBO quote in our data windowscalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×70.117
Locked and Crossed Markets, Explained With Data
Whole-tape census: locked, crossed, and one-sided records across every NBBO update of the sessionscalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×7406
The receipts: locked vs crossed totals, and the rate by session stretch (premarket, open, noon, close, ET)scalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×10246.9
The census by name: eight liquid tickers and two thin small caps, recent completed sessionstable ·
2026-08-22 · 10×7
Locked-or-crossed records per 10,000 updates by 30-minute ET bucket, checked set, extended hours includedseries ·
2026-08-22 · 32×3
How Do Market Makers Make Money? The Spread
US stock venues: public exchanges vs off-exchange reporting facilitiesranking ·
2026-08-22 · 2×3
AAPL trades by venue, latest session: off-exchange firstranking ·
2026-08-22 · 19×4
Average quoted spread: liquid mega-caps vs a thin small-cap (past week)ranking ·
2026-08-22 · 3×4
AAPL average quoted spread by half-hour (ET), one extended sessionseries ·
2026-08-22 · 32×2
AAPL: NBBO quote updates on the latest sessionscalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×41.2
Premarket and After-Hours Trading Hours (ET)
Share of a month's volume by clock window: SPY, AAPL, NVDA (full sessions only)table ·
2026-08-22 · 3×5
The session envelope, read from SPY minute bars (last two weeks, ET)scalar ·
2026-08-22 · 1×7240
Stock headlines by ET hour of publication (last 30 days, all days)ranking ·
2026-08-22 · 24×3
AAPL median quoted spread: regular session vs extended hours (past week, full sessions)series ·
2026-08-22 · 2×3
AAPL median shares per traded minute, and the share of minutes that traded at all (ET)series ·
2026-08-22 · 32×3
How to Become a Registered Market Maker
Average quoted spread across six household names, midday July 16 2026ranking ·
2026-08-15 · 6×3
Quoted spread through one session, AAPL and KO, July 16 2026series ·
2026-08-15 · 26×3
Venues publishing a bid in AAPL over one half hour, July 16 2026ranking ·
2026-08-15 · 16×4
Listed AAPL option contracts by expiration, July 16 2026series ·
2026-08-15 · 24×4
Why Market Makers Lose Money: Adverse Selection
AAPL prints by distance from the midpoint: share of volume and 60 second markoutranking ·
2026-08-13 · 4×3
How much of the spread survives: AAPL markout curve, 1 second to 5 minutesranking ·
2026-08-13 · 6×3
AAPL fills by print size: credit at the fill and value 60 seconds laterranking ·
2026-08-13 · 4×4
How far the price travels while a position waits: SPY and NVDA, May 2026ranking ·
2026-08-13 · 6×3
Quote-Driven vs Order-Driven Markets
Quoted spread and displayed size at the NBBO, one June 2026 hourranking ·
2026-08-11 · 5×3
AAPL option trade sizes, one June 2026 sessionranking ·
2026-08-11 · 5×4
Share of consolidated volume reported off exchange, by monthseries ·
2026-08-11 · 12×5
How US share volume concentrates across symbols, May 2026ranking ·
2026-08-11 · 5×4
Why Are Spreads Wider at the Open? Real Data
Window guard: the UTC session filter maps to a 9:30 a.m. ET start on both ends of the rolling windowscalar ·
2026-08-08 · 1×2570
Share of quote updates at the one-cent minimum spread, by half hour (regular hours, ET)series ·
2026-08-08 · 13×4
Median spread each half hour, as a multiple of each name's tightest bucket (regular hours, ET)series ·
2026-08-08 · 13×4
Session by session: how often, and by how much, the open ran wider than middaytable ·
2026-08-08 · 3×6
Median quoted spread by phase of the trading day, in basis points (ET clock)ranking ·
2026-08-08 · 5×4
The opening premium priced: median and 90th-percentile spread at the open (9:30-10:00 ET) vs. midday (12:00-14:00 ET)table ·
2026-08-08 · 3×12
MU: median quoted spread by half hour on July 7, 2026 (ET, regular hours)series ·
2026-08-08 · 13×5
MU into July 7, 2026: prior regular-session close, opening print, overnight gapscalar ·
2026-08-08 · 1×3984.31
Why Your Options Order Isn't Getting Filled
Apple option trades on June 17 2026: share of prints vs share of contracts, by trade sizeranking ·
2026-08-07 · 5×3
Apple option activity by strike distance, 20 to 45 days to expiry, May and June 2026ranking ·
2026-08-07 · 5×3
Median quoted spread on Apple options by contract price, 30 second window on June 17 2026ranking ·
2026-08-07 · 5×3
Apple options quote updates, second by second, 2:00 p.m. ET on June 17 2026series ·
2026-08-07 · 30×3
How ETF Creation and Redemption Works
Quoted spread against average share volume, US listed ETFsranking ·
2026-08-07 · 5×3
One session of SPY prints, sorted into trade size bucketsranking ·
2026-08-07 · 4×4
Quoted spread through the session: large cap fund vs micro cap fundseries ·
2026-08-07 · 79×3
Daily range and volume in a high yield bond ETF, month by monthranking ·
2026-08-07 · 9×3
Can You Trade US Stocks 24 Hours a Day?
Shares printed by New York clock hour: AAPL, MSFT, NVDA, SPY and TSLA, week of July 13, 2026series ·
2026-08-01 · 16×3
AAPL quoted spread by New York clock hour, July 14, 2026: median and 90th percentile minuteranking ·
2026-08-01 · 7×4
Share of weekly volume by session window: seven household names, week of July 13, 2026ranking ·
2026-08-01 · 7×4
NVDA on July 14, 2026: price and volume in 30 minute buckets, 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ETseries ·
2026-08-01 · 32×3
What Is the Closing Auction? (Closing Cross)
Quarter-end (June 30) vs. mid-month (June 16, 2026): the same three closing auctionstable ·
2026-07-26 · 3×8
The tape's own labels for the close, straight from the code dictionaryranking ·
2026-07-26 · 4×3
The closing auction vs. everything else: SPY, AAPL, NVDA on July 2, 2026table ·
2026-07-26 · 3×10
The receipt: AAPL's auction print vs. its last continuous trade, July 2, 2026scalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×12390
What Is Dark Pool Trading? FINRA Volume Data
Where AAPL's trade reports came from on July 2, 2026: and which carry a TRF timestampranking ·
2026-07-26 · 6×4
The receipt: TRF timestamps and the FINRA venue code agree on every AAPL reportscalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×5390
Anatomy of TSLA's prints on July 2, 2026: off-exchange vs. on-exchangetable ·
2026-07-26 · 2×7
Off-exchange share of matched volume: five liquid names, July 2, 2026ranking ·
2026-07-26 · 5×4
NVDA's off-exchange share of volume by Eastern-time hour, July 2, 2026ranking ·
2026-07-26 · 16×4
What Is Average Daily Volume (ADV)?
MU's sharpest 2026 volume shock: the event day vs the trailing ADV before and afterscalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×664.7
MU: rolling 20-session vs 90-session ADV, December 2025 through July 10, 2026 (sampled every third session)series ·
2026-07-26 · 49×3
Options ADV: average daily contracts and share-equivalent exposure (June 11 – July 10, 2026)ranking ·
2026-07-26 · 4×4
ADV by hand: KO's five daily volumes, their sum, and the average (July 6–10, 2026)series ·
2026-07-26 · 5×5
Days to cover, recomputed: FINRA's denominator vs this page's 20-session regular-hours ADV (settlement June 30, 2026)table ·
2026-07-26 · 2×6
20-session regular-hours ADV: shares, dollars, and the extended-hours share (June 11 – July 10, 2026)table ·
2026-07-26 · 5×5
Dollar ADV across the whole US tape: percentiles and threshold counts (June 11 – July 10, 2026)scalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×1010,864
What Is a Block Trade? Big Prints & the Data
The same block scan on SPY: July 6, 2026scalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×7669,171
AAPL's ten largest prints of July 6, 2026: the whole tapeseries ·
2026-07-26 · 10×6
Where AAPL's 10,000-share-and-up prints executed: July 6, 2026table ·
2026-07-26 · 4×5
Block-size prints vs the whole AAPL tape: July 6, 2026, with the session receiptscalar ·
2026-07-26 · 1×9390
The one-cent floor: share price, percent of quotes exactly one cent wide, and what a penny costs in bps
The one-cent floor: share price, percent of quotes exactly one cent wide, and what a penny costs in bps
| ticker | typical_share_price | pct_quotes_at_one_cent | one_cent_in_bps | typical_spread_bps | dist_from_floor_bps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPY | 773.45 | 37.4 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.13 |
| AAPL | 304.95 | 16.9 | 0.33 | 0.98 | 0.65 |
| KO | 87.6 | 64 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 0.01 |
| SOXS | 40.17 | 76.8 | 2.49 | 2.55 | 0.06 |
| F | 13.98 | 99.3 | 7.15 | 7.16 | 0.01 |
the exact SQL behind every number
SELECT ticker,
typical_share_price,
pct_quotes_at_one_cent,
round(100 / typical_share_price, 2) AS one_cent_in_bps,
typical_spread_bps,
round(abs(typical_spread_bps - 100 / typical_share_price), 2) AS dist_from_floor_bps
FROM (
SELECT ticker,
round(quantileExactIf(0.5)((toFloat64(ask_price) + toFloat64(bid_price)) / 2, bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price), 2) AS typical_share_price,
round(100 * countIf(bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price AND abs(toFloat64(ask_price - bid_price) - 0.01) < 0.001) / countIf(bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price), 1) AS pct_quotes_at_one_cent,
round(quantileExactIf(0.5)(toFloat64(ask_price - bid_price) / (toFloat64(ask_price + bid_price) / 2), bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price) * 10000, 2) AS typical_spread_bps
FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
WHERE ticker IN ('SPY', 'AAPL', 'KO', 'F', 'SOXS')
AND sip_timestamp >= toDateTime(today() - 10)
AND sip_timestamp < toDateTime(today() - 3)
AND (toHour(sip_timestamp) * 60 + toMinute(sip_timestamp)) BETWEEN 810 AND 1199
GROUP BY ticker
)
ORDER BY typical_share_price DESC
More from this analysisWhat It Costs to Trade a Stock, Measured
The cost-to-trade ladder: median quoted spread in bps of the midpoint, regular hours, recent completed sessions
table 12×5
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NVDA vs SOXS: median quoted spread by session (bps of the midpoint)
series 5×4
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NVDA vs SOXS: median quoted spread over the window, with the smallest single-session gap
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Session by session: how often, and by how much, the open ran wider than midday
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