STRASMORE/EXPLORE 2,170 QUERIES

AAPL fills by print size: credit at the fill and value 60 seconds later

Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-13, from Why Market Makers Lose Money: Adverse Selection.

as of ranking 4×4read in context →
AAPL fills by print size: credit at the fill and value 60 seconds later — 4 rows by 4 columns, computed from US exchange, SIP and OPRA data.
size_bucketfills_countedge_at_fill_milsedge_after_60s_mils
under 100 shares28337819.4715.22
100 to 4992571021.4422.27
500 to 999113422.659.1
1,000 or more72236.2621.34
Rows × columns
4 × 4
Computed
Completeness
No missing values
Source
US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
Licence
Strasmore terms · free, no signup
Formats
JSON · CSV · the SQL below

What each column holds

Column definitions for AAPL fills by print size: credit at the fill and value 60 seconds later, derived from the stored result.
ColumnTypeRangeNotes
size_bucket text 4 distinct values (1,000 or more, 100 to 499, 500 to 999…)
fills_count number 722 to 283,378 count
edge_at_fill_mils number 19.47 to 36.26
edge_after_60s_mils number 9.1 to 22.27

Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.

the exact SQL behind every number
WITH
  qs AS (
    SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
           avg((toFloat64(bid_price) + toFloat64(ask_price)) / 2) AS mid
    FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
    WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
      AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
      AND sip_timestamp <  '2026-05-14 17:06:00'
      AND bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price
    GROUP BY ts
  ),
  fills AS (
    SELECT t.ts AS ts, t.px AS px, t.shares AS shares, q.mid AS mid_at_fill,
           if(t.px > q.mid, 1, -1) AS taker_side
    FROM (
      SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
             toFloat64(price) AS px, toUInt64(size) AS shares
      FROM global_markets.stocks_trades
      WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
        AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
        AND sip_timestamp <  '2026-05-14 17:00:00'
        AND size > 0
    ) AS t
    INNER JOIN qs AS q ON q.ts = t.ts
    WHERE t.px != q.mid AND abs(t.px / q.mid - 1) < 0.02
  )
SELECT
  multiIf(s.shares < 100, 'under 100 shares',
          s.shares < 500, '100 to 499',
          s.shares < 1000, '500 to 999',
          '1,000 or more')                                    AS size_bucket,
  count()                                                     AS fills_count,
  round(1000 * avg(s.taker_side * (s.px - s.mid_at_fill)), 2) AS edge_at_fill_mils,
  round(1000 * avg(s.taker_side * (s.px - f.mid)), 2)         AS edge_after_60s_mils
FROM (SELECT *, toUInt32(ts + 60) AS future_ts FROM fills) AS s
INNER JOIN qs AS f ON f.ts = s.future_ts
GROUP BY size_bucket
ORDER BY min(s.shares)

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