How much of the spread survives: AAPL markout curve, 1 second to 5 minutes
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-13, from Why Market Makers Lose Money: Adverse Selection.
| horizon | edge_at_fill_mils | edge_after_mils |
|---|---|---|
| +1s | 19.66 | 20.5 |
| +5s | 19.66 | 20.46 |
| +15s | 19.72 | 19.5 |
| +30s | 19.78 | 19.53 |
| +60s | 19.69 | 15.8 |
| +300s | 19.68 | 9.81 |
- Rows × columns
- 6 × 3
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
horizon |
text | 6 distinct values (+15s, +1s, +300s…) | |
edge_at_fill_mils |
number | 19.66 to 19.78 | |
edge_after_mils |
number | 9.81 to 20.5 |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH
qs AS (
SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
avg((toFloat64(bid_price) + toFloat64(ask_price)) / 2) AS mid
FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
AND sip_timestamp < '2026-05-14 17:06:00'
AND bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price
GROUP BY ts
),
fills AS (
SELECT t.ts AS ts, t.px AS px, t.shares AS shares, q.mid AS mid_at_fill,
if(t.px > q.mid, 1, -1) AS taker_side
FROM (
SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
toFloat64(price) AS px, toUInt64(size) AS shares
FROM global_markets.stocks_trades
WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
AND sip_timestamp < '2026-05-14 17:00:00'
AND size > 0
) AS t
INNER JOIN qs AS q ON q.ts = t.ts
WHERE t.px != q.mid AND abs(t.px / q.mid - 1) < 0.02
)
SELECT
concat('+', toString(e.secs), 's') AS horizon,
round(1000 * avg(e.taker_side * (e.px - e.mid_at_fill)), 2) AS edge_at_fill_mils,
round(1000 * avg(e.taker_side * (e.px - f.mid)), 2) AS edge_after_mils
FROM (
SELECT toUInt32(ts + secs) AS future_ts, secs, px, mid_at_fill, taker_side
FROM (SELECT *, arrayJoin([1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 300]) AS secs FROM fills)
) AS e
INNER JOIN qs AS f ON f.ts = e.future_ts
GROUP BY e.secs
ORDER BY e.secs
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