US listings clearing 1.5x the offer price on the first close, by listing year
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-07, from Japanese IPO Lockups: The 1.5x Release Rule.
| year | listing_count | cleared_1_5x_day_one_pct | median_first_close_ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 187 | 23.5 | 1.09 |
| 2020 | 293 | 28.7 | 1.04 |
| 2021 | 720 | 16 | 1.02 |
| 2022 | 136 | 26.5 | 1 |
| 2023 | 137 | 31.4 | 1.04 |
| 2024 | 216 | 25.5 | 1.02 |
| 2025 | 313 | 17.3 | 1.01 |
| 2026 | 144 | 6.9 | 1 |
- Rows × columns
- 8 × 4
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
year |
number | 2,019 to 2,026 | |
listing_count |
number | 136 to 720 | count |
cleared_1_5x_day_one_pct |
number | 6.9 to 31.4 | percent |
median_first_close_ratio |
number | 1 to 1.09 | US dollars |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH offers AS
(
SELECT
ticker,
min(listing_date) AS listed_on,
toFloat64(max(final_issue_price)) AS offer_price
FROM global_markets.stocks_ipos
WHERE final_issue_price > 0
AND listing_date >= '2019-01-01'
AND listing_date < '2026-07-01'
AND ticker NOT IN ('SPCX')
GROUP BY ticker
),
debut AS
(
SELECT
o.ticker AS ticker,
toYear(o.listed_on) AS listing_year,
o.offer_price AS offer_price,
argMin(toFloat64(d.close), d.date) AS first_close
FROM global_markets.stocks_daily_aggs AS d
INNER JOIN offers AS o ON d.ticker = o.ticker
WHERE d.date >= '2019-01-01'
AND d.date >= o.listed_on
AND d.date < o.listed_on + 10
GROUP BY ticker, listing_year, offer_price
)
SELECT
listing_year AS year,
count() AS listing_count,
round(100 * countIf(first_close >= 1.5 * offer_price) / count(), 1) AS cleared_1_5x_day_one_pct,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(first_close / offer_price, cityHash64(ticker)), 2) AS median_first_close_ratio
FROM debut
GROUP BY year
ORDER BY year
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