AAPL fills by print size: credit at the fill and value 60 seconds later
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-13, from Why Market Makers Lose Money: Adverse Selection.
| size_bucket | fills_count | edge_at_fill_mils | edge_after_60s_mils |
|---|---|---|---|
| under 100 shares | 283378 | 19.47 | 15.22 |
| 100 to 499 | 25710 | 21.44 | 22.27 |
| 500 to 999 | 1134 | 22.65 | 9.1 |
| 1,000 or more | 722 | 36.26 | 21.34 |
- Rows × columns
- 4 × 4
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
size_bucket |
text | 4 distinct values (1,000 or more, 100 to 499, 500 to 999…) | |
fills_count |
number | 722 to 283,378 | count |
edge_at_fill_mils |
number | 19.47 to 36.26 | |
edge_after_60s_mils |
number | 9.1 to 22.27 |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH
qs AS (
SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
avg((toFloat64(bid_price) + toFloat64(ask_price)) / 2) AS mid
FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
AND sip_timestamp < '2026-05-14 17:06:00'
AND bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price
GROUP BY ts
),
fills AS (
SELECT t.ts AS ts, t.px AS px, t.shares AS shares, q.mid AS mid_at_fill,
if(t.px > q.mid, 1, -1) AS taker_side
FROM (
SELECT toUnixTimestamp(toDateTime(sip_timestamp)) AS ts,
toFloat64(price) AS px, toUInt64(size) AS shares
FROM global_markets.stocks_trades
WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-05-14 14:00:00'
AND sip_timestamp < '2026-05-14 17:00:00'
AND size > 0
) AS t
INNER JOIN qs AS q ON q.ts = t.ts
WHERE t.px != q.mid AND abs(t.px / q.mid - 1) < 0.02
)
SELECT
multiIf(s.shares < 100, 'under 100 shares',
s.shares < 500, '100 to 499',
s.shares < 1000, '500 to 999',
'1,000 or more') AS size_bucket,
count() AS fills_count,
round(1000 * avg(s.taker_side * (s.px - s.mid_at_fill)), 2) AS edge_at_fill_mils,
round(1000 * avg(s.taker_side * (s.px - f.mid)), 2) AS edge_after_60s_mils
FROM (SELECT *, toUInt32(ts + 60) AS future_ts FROM fills) AS s
INNER JOIN qs AS f ON f.ts = s.future_ts
GROUP BY size_bucket
ORDER BY min(s.shares)
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