STRASMORE/EXPLORE 2,173 QUERIES

Brier score of the market's own stated probability, by underlying

Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-13, from Brier Score: How to Grade a Forecast.

as of ranking 6×4read in context →
Brier score of the market's own stated probability, by underlying — 6 rows by 4 columns, computed from US exchange, SIP and OPRA data.
symbolmarket_briercoin_flip_briergraded_contracts
NVDA0.11220.2528.54 thousand
TSLA0.11250.2542.23 thousand
AAPL0.11730.2514.98 thousand
MSFT0.13380.2522.61 thousand
KO0.13410.258.61 thousand
SPY0.13750.2579.74 thousand
Rows × columns
6 × 4
Computed
Completeness
No missing values
Source
US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
Licence
Strasmore terms · free, no signup
Formats
JSON · CSV · the SQL below

What each column holds

Column definitions for Brier score of the market's own stated probability, by underlying, derived from the stored result.
ColumnTypeRangeNotes
symbol text 6 distinct values (AAPL, KO, MSFT…)
market_brier number 0.1122 to 0.1375
coin_flip_brier number every row is 0.25
graded_contracts text 6 distinct values

Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.

the exact SQL behind every number
WITH settle AS
(
    SELECT
        underlying_symbol                AS sym,
        date                             AS settle_date,
        any(toFloat64(underlying_close)) AS settle_px
    FROM global_markets.options_greeks
    WHERE underlying_symbol IN ('SPY', 'AAPL', 'MSFT', 'NVDA', 'KO', 'TSLA')
      AND date >= '2025-01-01'
      AND date <  '2026-08-01'
    GROUP BY sym, settle_date
),
scored AS
(
    SELECT
        g.underlying_symbol                             AS symbol,
        abs(toFloat64(g.delta))                         AS stated,
        startsWith(lower(toString(g.option_type)), 'c') AS is_call,
        if(is_call,
           s.settle_px > toFloat64(g.strike_price),
           s.settle_px < toFloat64(g.strike_price))     AS finished_itm
    FROM global_markets.options_greeks AS g
    INNER JOIN settle AS s
        ON s.sym = g.underlying_symbol AND s.settle_date = g.expiration_date
    WHERE g.underlying_symbol IN ('SPY', 'AAPL', 'MSFT', 'NVDA', 'KO', 'TSLA')
      AND g.date >= '2025-01-01'
      AND g.date <  '2026-06-01'
      AND g.expiration_date <= '2026-07-31'
      AND g.days_to_expiry BETWEEN 28 AND 35
      AND g.iv_converged = 1
      AND g.volume > 0
      AND abs(g.delta) > 0.02
      AND abs(g.delta) < 0.98
)
SELECT
    symbol,
    round(avg((stated - finished_itm) * (stated - finished_itm)), 4) AS market_brier,
    round(avg((0.5 - finished_itm) * (0.5 - finished_itm)), 4)       AS coin_flip_brier,
    formatReadableQuantity(count())                                  AS graded_contracts
FROM scored
GROUP BY symbol
ORDER BY market_brier

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