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SPY on a calm day vs. a fast day: session range, per-minute movement, and quoted spread

Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-07-26, from Market Order vs Limit Order, Measured.

as of series 2×5read in context →
SPY on a calm day vs. a fast day: session range, per-minute movement, and quoted spread — 2 rows by 5 columns, computed from US exchange, SIP and OPRA data.
sessionsession_range_pctavg_minute_range_centsworst_minute_range_centsmedian_spread_cents
2026-07-080.937.21332
2025-04-0910.8156.416385
Rows × columns
2 × 5
Period covered
to
Computed
Completeness
No missing values
Source
US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
Licence
Strasmore terms · free, no signup
Formats
JSON · CSV · the SQL below

What each column holds

Column definitions for SPY on a calm day vs. a fast day: session range, per-minute movement, and quoted spread, derived from the stored result.
ColumnTypeRangeNotes
session date 2025-04-09 to 2026-07-08
session_range_pct number 0.9 to 10.8 percent
avg_minute_range_cents number 37.2 to 156.4
worst_minute_range_cents number 133 to 1,638
median_spread_cents number 2 to 5

Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.

the exact SQL behind every number
WITH quotes AS (
    SELECT toDate(toTimeZone(sip_timestamp, 'America/New_York')) AS d,
           round(quantileDeterministicIf(0.5)(toFloat64(ask_price - bid_price) * 100, cityHash64(ticker, sip_timestamp), bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price), 1) AS median_spread_cents
    FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
    WHERE ticker = 'SPY'
      AND ((sip_timestamp >= '2026-07-08 04:00:00' AND sip_timestamp < '2026-07-09 04:00:00')
        OR (sip_timestamp >= '2025-04-09 04:00:00' AND sip_timestamp < '2025-04-10 04:00:00'))
      AND (toHour(toTimeZone(sip_timestamp, 'America/New_York')) * 60 + toMinute(toTimeZone(sip_timestamp, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
    GROUP BY d
    HAVING countIf(bid_price > 0 AND ask_price > bid_price) > 0
),
bars AS (
    SELECT toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) AS d,
           round(avg(toFloat64(high - low) * 100), 1) AS avg_minute_range_cents,
           round(max(toFloat64(high - low) * 100), 0) AS worst_minute_range_cents,
           round((max(high) - min(low)) / argMin(toFloat64(open), window_start) * 100, 1) AS session_range_pct
    FROM global_markets.delayed_stocks_minute_aggs
    WHERE ticker = 'SPY'
      AND ((window_start >= '2026-07-08 04:00:00' AND window_start < '2026-07-09 04:00:00')
        OR (window_start >= '2025-04-09 04:00:00' AND window_start < '2025-04-10 04:00:00'))
      AND (toHour(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60 + toMinute(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
    GROUP BY d
)
SELECT formatDateTime(quotes.d, '%Y-%m-%d') AS session,
       bars.session_range_pct,
       bars.avg_minute_range_cents,
       bars.worst_minute_range_cents,
       quotes.median_spread_cents
FROM quotes INNER JOIN bars ON quotes.d = bars.d
ORDER BY quotes.d DESC

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