pop_by_year
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-10-03, from does-ipo-gmp-predict-listing-gains.
| listing_year | listings | median_offer_to_open_pct | median_offer_to_close_pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 148 | 8 | 8.8 |
| 2018 | 178 | 13.9 | 14.2 |
| 2019 | 170 | 7 | 10.3 |
| 2020 | 259 | 14.4 | 10.3 |
| 2021 | 360 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 2022 | 61 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 2023 | 96 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| 2024 | 159 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 2025 | 281 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 2026 | 166 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
- Rows × columns
- 10 × 4
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
listing_year |
text | 10 distinct values (2017, 2018, 2019…) | |
listings |
number | 61 to 360 | |
median_offer_to_open_pct |
number | 0.2 to 14.4 | percent |
median_offer_to_close_pct |
number | 0.1 to 14.2 | percent |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH day_one AS
(
SELECT
i.ticker AS ticker,
i.list_date AS list_date,
(toFloat64(d.open_px) / i.offer_price - 1) * 100 AS offer_to_open,
(toFloat64(d.close_px) / i.offer_price - 1) * 100 AS offer_to_close,
(toFloat64(d.close_px) / toFloat64(d.open_px) - 1) * 100 AS open_to_close,
toFloat64(d.open_px) * toFloat64(d.day_volume) AS day1_turnover
FROM
(
SELECT
ticker,
toDate(argMax(listing_date, last_updated)) AS list_date,
argMax(toFloat64(final_issue_price), last_updated) AS offer_price
FROM global_markets.stocks_ipos
WHERE listing_date >= '2017-01-01'
AND listing_date < '2026-09-01'
AND final_issue_price > 0
AND currency_code = 'USD'
AND ticker NOT IN ('SPCX')
GROUP BY ticker
) AS i
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT
ticker,
date,
max(open) AS open_px,
max(close) AS close_px,
max(volume) AS day_volume
FROM global_markets.stocks_daily_aggs
WHERE date >= '2017-01-01'
AND date < '2026-09-01'
GROUP BY ticker, date
) AS d
ON d.ticker = i.ticker AND d.date = i.list_date
WHERE d.day_volume > 0
AND d.open_px > 0
AND i.offer_price > 0
)
SELECT
toString(toYear(list_date)) AS listing_year,
count() AS listings,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(offer_to_open, cityHash64(ticker)), 1) AS median_offer_to_open_pct,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(offer_to_close, cityHash64(ticker)), 1) AS median_offer_to_close_pct
FROM day_one
GROUP BY listing_year
HAVING count() >= 5
ORDER BY listing_year
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