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Total return by calendar year: a Nasdaq index fund vs a Nasdaq covered call fund

Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-01, from Covered Call ETFs: the Real Tradeoff.

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Total return by calendar year: a Nasdaq index fund vs a Nasdaq covered call fund — 4 rows by 3 columns, computed from US exchange, SIP and OPRA data.
regimeindex_fund_total_pctcovered_call_total_pct
2022 decline-32.8-18.7
2023 rebound53.621.2
2024 advance26.618.5
2025 advance207.9
Rows × columns
4 × 3
Computed
Completeness
No missing values
Source
US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
Licence
Strasmore terms · free, no signup
Formats
JSON · CSV · the SQL below

What each column holds

Column definitions for Total return by calendar year: a Nasdaq index fund vs a Nasdaq covered call fund, derived from the stored result.
ColumnTypeRangeNotes
regime text 4 distinct values (2022 decline, 2023 rebound, 2024 advance…)
index_fund_total_pct number -32.8 to 53.6 percent
covered_call_total_pct number -18.7 to 21.2 percent

Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.

the exact SQL behind every number
WITH ranges AS (
    SELECT arrayJoin([('2022 decline', toDate('2022-01-03'), toDate('2022-12-30')),
                      ('2023 rebound', toDate('2023-01-03'), toDate('2023-12-29')),
                      ('2024 advance', toDate('2024-01-02'), toDate('2024-12-31')),
                      ('2025 advance', toDate('2025-01-02'), toDate('2025-12-31'))]) AS r
),
px AS (
    SELECT r.1 AS regime,
           m.ticker AS ticker,
           argMin(m.close, m.window_start) AS p0,
           argMax(m.close, m.window_start) AS p1
    FROM ranges, global_markets.delayed_stocks_minute_aggs AS m
    WHERE m.ticker IN ('QYLD', 'QQQ')
      AND toDate(toTimeZone(m.window_start, 'America/New_York')) BETWEEN r.2 AND r.3
      AND (toHour(toTimeZone(m.window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60
           + toMinute(toTimeZone(m.window_start, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
    GROUP BY regime, ticker
),
dv AS (
    SELECT r.1 AS regime,
           d.ticker AS ticker,
           sum(d.cash_amount) AS dist
    FROM ranges, global_markets.stocks_dividends AS d
    WHERE d.ticker IN ('QYLD', 'QQQ')
      AND d.cash_amount > 0
      AND d.ex_dividend_date BETWEEN r.2 AND r.3
    GROUP BY regime, ticker
)
SELECT px.regime AS regime,
       round(maxIf((px.p1 - px.p0 + dv.dist) / px.p0 * 100, px.ticker = 'QQQ'), 1) AS index_fund_total_pct,
       round(maxIf((px.p1 - px.p0 + dv.dist) / px.p0 * 100, px.ticker = 'QYLD'), 1) AS covered_call_total_pct
FROM px
INNER JOIN dv ON px.regime = dv.regime AND px.ticker = dv.ticker
GROUP BY regime
ORDER BY regime

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