pop_by_year
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-10-02, from what-is-gmp-in-an-ipo.
| listing_year | listing_count | median_pop_pct | below_offer_pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 519 | 7.5 | 17.5 |
| 2022 | 86 | 11.7 | 22.1 |
| 2023 | 114 | 23.8 | 16.7 |
| 2024 | 176 | 12.2 | 21.6 |
| 2025 | 234 | 9.6 | 17.9 |
| 2026 | 90 | 2.4 | 27.8 |
- Rows × columns
- 6 × 4
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
listing_year |
text | 6 distinct values (2021, 2022, 2023…) | |
listing_count |
number | 86 to 519 | count |
median_pop_pct |
number | 2.4 to 23.8 | percent |
below_offer_pct |
number | 16.7 to 27.8 | percent |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH issues AS
(
SELECT
ticker,
min(listing_date) AS listing_dt,
max(toFloat64(final_issue_price)) AS offer_price
FROM global_markets.stocks_ipos
WHERE listing_date >= '2021-01-01'
AND listing_date < '2026-07-01'
AND final_issue_price > 0
AND issuer_name NOT ILIKE '%acquisition%'
AND ticker NOT IN ('SPCX')
GROUP BY ticker
),
debut AS
(
SELECT
i.ticker AS ticker,
toString(toYear(i.listing_dt)) AS listing_year,
round(100 * (argMin(toFloat64(d.open), d.date) / i.offer_price - 1), 2) AS pop_pct
FROM issues AS i
INNER JOIN global_markets.stocks_daily_aggs AS d ON d.ticker = i.ticker
WHERE d.date >= i.listing_dt
AND d.date < i.listing_dt + 7
GROUP BY i.ticker, i.offer_price, i.listing_dt
)
SELECT
listing_year,
count() AS listing_count,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(pop_pct, toUInt32(cityHash64(ticker))), 1) AS median_pop_pct,
round(100 * countIf(pop_pct < 0) / count(), 1) AS below_offer_pct
FROM debut
WHERE isFinite(pop_pct)
GROUP BY listing_year
HAVING count() >= 5
ORDER BY listing_year
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