Average distance the mid price travels over each latency horizon
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-09-24, from Latency Models in HFT Backtests Explained.
| latency_horizon | avg_mid_move_bps |
|---|---|
| 0.1 s | 0.224 |
| 0.5 s | 0.591 |
| 1.0 s | 0.877 |
| 5.0 s | 2.232 |
- Rows × columns
- 4 × 2
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
latency_horizon |
text | 4 distinct values (0.1 s, 0.5 s, 1.0 s…) | |
avg_mid_move_bps |
number | 0.224 to 2.232 |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH grid AS
(
SELECT
intDiv(toUnixTimestamp64Milli(sip_timestamp), 100) AS slot,
argMax((toFloat64(bid_price) + toFloat64(ask_price)) / 2, sip_timestamp) AS mid
FROM global_markets.cache_stocks_quotes
WHERE ticker = 'AAPL'
AND sip_timestamp >= '2026-09-15 14:00:00'
AND sip_timestamp < '2026-09-15 15:00:00'
AND bid_price > 0
AND ask_price > bid_price
GROUP BY slot
),
lagged AS
(
SELECT
mid,
lagInFrame(mid, 1) OVER w AS mid_100ms_ago,
lagInFrame(mid, 5) OVER w AS mid_500ms_ago,
lagInFrame(mid, 10) OVER w AS mid_1s_ago,
lagInFrame(mid, 50) OVER w AS mid_5s_ago
FROM grid
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY slot ASC ROWS BETWEEN 50 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
),
moves AS
(
SELECT *
FROM lagged
WHERE mid_100ms_ago > 0 AND mid_500ms_ago > 0 AND mid_1s_ago > 0 AND mid_5s_ago > 0
)
SELECT
horizon.1 AS latency_horizon,
round(10000 * avg(abs(horizon.2)) / avg(mid), 3) AS avg_mid_move_bps
FROM moves
ARRAY JOIN
[
('0.1 s', mid - mid_100ms_ago),
('0.5 s', mid - mid_500ms_ago),
('1.0 s', mid - mid_1s_ago),
('5.0 s', mid - mid_5s_ago)
] AS horizon
GROUP BY latency_horizon
ORDER BY avg_mid_move_bps ASC
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