The same hypothetical on every session: expiration mornings against the rest of the tape
Answered against 22 years of US equities and 12 years of US options data and published with the query that produced it. This result is stored as of 2026-08-03, from AM vs PM Settled Index Options Explained.
| bucket | group_size | median_gap_abs_pct | median_settlement_spread_usd | median_open_minute_volume_m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| triple witching Friday | 9 | 0.49 | 0 | 0.95 |
| other monthly expiration | 20 | 0.23 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| ordinary session | 618 | 0.28 | 0.95 | 0.62 |
- Rows × columns
- 3 × 5
- Computed
- Completeness
- No missing values
- Source
- US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data
- Licence
- Strasmore terms · free, no signup
What each column holds
| Column | Type | Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
bucket |
text | 3 distinct values | |
group_size |
number | 9 to 618 | |
median_gap_abs_pct |
number | 0.23 to 0.49 | percent |
median_settlement_spread_usd |
number | 0 to 0.95 | US dollars |
median_open_minute_volume_m |
number | 0.62 to 0.95 | US dollars |
Computed from Strasmore's warehouse of US exchange, SIP and OPRA market data. Equity prices are delayed; options greeks and implied volatility are end-of-day. This result is stored, not recomputed on load — it is exactly the numbers that were returned on , and the query below is what returned them.
Run it yourself
This is the exact query behind the result above. Change a ticker, a date or a column and run it against the warehouse — no account, no key. The no-signup tier is smaller than the one this page was computed on; a query that reaches past it comes back saying which plan runs it.
WITH sessions AS (
SELECT toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) AS session_date,
toFloat64(argMin(open, window_start)) AS first_print,
toFloat64(argMax(close, window_start)) AS last_print,
toFloat64(sumIf(volume, (toHour(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60
+ toMinute(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York'))) = 570)) AS open_minute_shares
FROM global_markets.delayed_stocks_minute_aggs
WHERE ticker = 'SPY'
AND toDate(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) BETWEEN toDate('2023-12-01') AND toDate('2026-07-31')
AND (toHour(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York')) * 60
+ toMinute(toTimeZone(window_start, 'America/New_York'))) BETWEEN 570 AND 959
GROUP BY session_date
),
sequenced AS (
SELECT session_date,
first_print,
last_print,
open_minute_shares,
any(last_print) OVER (ORDER BY session_date ASC
ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS prior_close
FROM sessions
),
labelled AS (
SELECT session_date,
multiIf(toDayOfWeek(session_date) = 5
AND toDayOfMonth(session_date) BETWEEN 15 AND 21
AND toMonth(session_date) IN (3, 6, 9, 12), 'triple witching Friday',
toDayOfWeek(session_date) = 5
AND toDayOfMonth(session_date) BETWEEN 15 AND 21, 'other monthly expiration',
'ordinary session') AS bucket,
abs(first_print / prior_close - 1) * 100 AS gap_abs_raw,
abs(greatest(last_print - round(prior_close, 0), 0)
- greatest(first_print - round(prior_close, 0), 0)) AS spread_raw,
open_minute_shares / 1000000 AS open_minute_millions
FROM sequenced
WHERE prior_close > 0
AND session_date >= toDate('2024-01-01')
)
SELECT bucket,
count() AS group_size,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(gap_abs_raw, cityHash64(session_date)), 2) AS median_gap_abs_pct,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(spread_raw, cityHash64(session_date)), 2) AS median_settlement_spread_usd,
round(quantileDeterministic(0.5)(open_minute_millions, cityHash64(session_date)), 2) AS median_open_minute_volume_m
FROM labelled
GROUP BY bucket
ORDER BY group_size ASC
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